CentOS安装MySQL的两种方式——RPM和YUM - sxb
2025-09-02 08:12:54
0、首先确认是否安装过MySQL
yum list installed | grep mysql
rpm -qa | grep mysql
若果有安装，需要先删除旧版本。yum remove mysql
一、通过官网下载tar压缩包（或者直接下载RPM安装包）
1.打开MySQL官网下载地址，选择适合自己的版本，下载tar压缩包。
2.通过WinSCP等工具上传到CentOS服务器并解压
创建MySQL的安装路径mkdir /usr/local/MySQL
解压上传好的MySQL压缩包，解压后得到若干RPM安装包
[root@2a792e360945 ~]# tar -xvf /root/temp/mysql-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.
tar -C /usr/local/MySQL
mysql-community-client-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-test-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
3.安装RPM包
因为是使用RPM安装软件包，所以需要手动解决依赖关系，一般安装 MySQL 时需要按照以下顺序安装这些软件包。首先切换到MySQL的安装路径cd /usr/local/MySQL，然后依次执行下列安装命令
rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
其他安装包是MySQL的开发文件或者测试文件，非必须安装。
如果安装mysql-community-server-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm的时候，出现依赖关系的错误，可能是由于系统没有安装依赖项，根据提示安装缺少的依赖项再执行mysql-community-server-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm的安装即可
例如我的CentOS是新安装的镜像，没有安装任何依赖项，有如下输出信息
[root@2a792e360945 MySQL]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 3a79bd29: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
/usr/bin/perl is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64
libaio.so.1()(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64
libaio.so.1(LIBAIO_0.1)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64
libaio.so.1(LIBAIO_0.4)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64
libnuma.so.1()(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64
libnuma.so.1(libnuma_1.1)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64
libnuma.so.1(libnuma_1.2)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64
perl(Getopt::Long) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64
perl(strict) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64
使用软件包管理工具（例如yum）来安装这些依赖项
yum install perl libaio libnuma perl-Getopt-Long perl-strict numactl
安装完依赖项之后，再安装MySQL服务，即可安装成功。
至此，RPM方式安装MySQL就结束了。
二、通过YUM的方式安装
这种安装方式的好处是不用手动管理依赖关系，YUM（软件包管理工具）会自动按顺序安装依赖项并解决依赖关系。但是不能安装任意我们想安装的历史版本。
1.先卸载上面安装过的5.7.41版本的MySQL
查看当前以及安装的MySQL
yum list installed | grep mysql
rpm -qa | grep mysql
[root@2a792e360945 MySQL]# yum list installed | grep mysql
mysql-community-client.x86_64 5.7.41-1.el7 installed
mysql-community-common.x86_64 5.7.41-1.el7 installed
mysql-community-libs.x86_64 5.7.41-1.el7 installed
mysql-community-server.x86_64 5.7.41-1.el7 installed
卸载这四个软件包
yum remove mysql-community-client mysql-community-common mysql-community-libs mysql-community-server
再次确认是否卸载成功
[root@2a792e360945 MySQL]# rpm -qa | grep mysql
[root@2a792e360945 MySQL]#
2.查看CentOS服务器上是否已经存在yum安装包
yum list | grep mysql
上图不存在与 MySQL 服务器软件本身相关的软件包。这些列表显示了与 MySQL 数据库相关的其他软件包，如 MySQL 的客户端库、连接器、PHP 的 MySQL 扩展等。
3.获取MySQL官方yum源并安装
①MySQL官方源网站获取yum源地址，具体步骤如下
把复制的下载链接在CentOS服务器下载yum源（如果没有安装wget的话，先安装wgetyum install wget）
wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
②安装yum源
rpm -Uvh mysql80-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
查看所有版本的MySQL的yum源
yum makecache
yum repolist all | grep mysql
可以看到8.0版本的yum源是enable，而5.7版本是disable，但是我要安装5.7版本，按照下面命令禁用8.0，启用5.7即可
yum-config-manager --disable mysql80-community
yum-config-manager --enable mysql57-community
点击查看代码
[root@2a792e360945 MySQL]# yum-config-manager --disable mysql80-community
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, ovl
======================================== repo: mysql80-community =========================================
[mysql80-community]
async = True
bandwidth = 0
base_persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7
baseurl = http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-8.0-community/el/7/x86_64
cache = 0
cachedir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql80-community
check_config_file_age = True
compare_providers_priority = 80
cost = 1000
deltarpm_metadata_percentage = 100
deltarpm_percentage =
enabled = 0
enablegroups = True
exclude =
failovermethod = priority
ftp_disable_epsv = False
gpgcadir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7/mysql80-community/gpgcadir
gpgcakey =
gpgcheck = True
gpgdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7/mysql80-community/gpgdir
gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2023,
file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022,
file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
hdrdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql80-community/headers
http_caching = all
includepkgs =
ip_resolve =
keepalive = True
keepcache = False
mddownloadpolicy = sqlite
mdpolicy = group:small
mediaid =
metadata_expire = 21600
metadata_expire_filter = read-only:present
metalink =
minrate = 0
mirrorlist =
mirrorlist_expire = 86400
name = MySQL 8.0 Community Server
old_base_cache_dir =
password =
persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7/mysql80-community
pkgdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql80-community/packages
proxy = False
proxy_dict =
proxy_password =
proxy_username =
repo_gpgcheck = False
retries = 10
skip_if_unavailable = False
ssl_check_cert_permissions = True
sslcacert =
sslclientcert =
sslclientkey =
sslverify = True
throttle = 0
timeout = 30.0
ui_id = mysql80-community/x86_64
ui_repoid_vars = releasever,
basearch
username =
[root@2a792e360945 MySQL]# yum-config-manager --enable mysql57-community
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, ovl
======================================== repo: mysql57-community =========================================
[mysql57-community]
async = True
bandwidth = 0
base_persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7
baseurl = http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64
cache = 0
cachedir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql57-community
check_config_file_age = True
compare_providers_priority = 80
cost = 1000
deltarpm_metadata_percentage = 100
deltarpm_percentage =
enabled = 1
enablegroups = True
exclude =
failovermethod = priority
ftp_disable_epsv = False
gpgcadir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7/mysql57-community/gpgcadir
gpgcakey =
gpgcheck = True
gpgdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7/mysql57-community/gpgdir
gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2023,
file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022,
file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
hdrdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql57-community/headers
http_caching = all
includepkgs =
ip_resolve =
keepalive = True
keepcache = False
mddownloadpolicy = sqlite
mdpolicy = group:small
mediaid =
metadata_expire = 21600
metadata_expire_filter = read-only:present
metalink =
minrate = 0
mirrorlist =
mirrorlist_expire = 86400
name = MySQL 5.7 Community Server
old_base_cache_dir =
password =
persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7/mysql57-community
pkgdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql57-community/packages
proxy = False
proxy_dict =
proxy_password =
proxy_username =
repo_gpgcheck = False
retries = 10
skip_if_unavailable = False
ssl_check_cert_permissions = True
sslcacert =
sslclientcert =
sslclientkey =
sslverify = True
throttle = 0
timeout = 30.0
ui_id = mysql57-community/x86_64
ui_repoid_vars = releasever,
basearch
username =
③安装MySQL软件包
yum -y install mysql-community-server
三、启动MySQL
查看MySQL服务状态
systemctl status mysqld
启动MySQL服务
systemctl start mysqld